01787nas a2200157   4500000000100000008004100001260001200042100001900054700001700073700001600090700002400106700002000130245014200150490000700292520133000299       2021                            d  c06/20211 aGodlove Kuaban1 aTulin Atmaca1 aAmira Kamli1 aTadeusz Czachórski1 aPiotr Czekalski00aPerformance Analysis of Packet Aggregation Mechanisms and Their Applications in Access (e.g., IoT, 4G/5G), Core, and Data Centre Networks0 v213 aThe transmission of massive amounts of small packets generated by access networks
through high-speed Internet core networks to other access networks or cloud computing data centres has introduced several challenges such as poor throughput, underutilisation of network resources,  and higher energy consumption. Therefore, it is essential to develop strategies to deal with these challenges. 
One of them is to aggregate smaller packets into a larger payload packet, and these groups of aggregated packets will share the same header, hence increasing throughput, improving resource utilisation, and reduction in energy consumption. This paper presents a review of the packet aggregation applications in access networks (e.g., IoT and 4G/5G mobile networks), optical core networks, and cloud computing data centre networks. 
Then we propose new analytical models based on diffusion approximation for the evaluation of the performance of packet aggregation mechanisms. We demonstrate the use of measured traffic from real networks to evaluate the performance of packet aggregation mechanisms analytically. The use of diffusion approximation allows us to consider time-dependent queueing models with general interarrival and service time distributions. Therefore these models are more general than others presented till now.