01293nas a2200133   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002260003900043100002400082700001700106700001900123245007900142520093800221       2023                            d  c03/2023bIEEE XploreaNice, France1 aTadeusz Czachórski1 aErol Gelenbe1 aGodlove Kuaban00aModelling energy changes in the energy harvesting battery of an IoT device3 a<p>The complexity of battery-powered autonomous devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) nodes or Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and the necessity to ensure an acceptable quality of service, reliability, and security have significantly increased their energy demand. In this paper, we discuss using a diffusion approximation process to approximate the dynamic changes in the energy content of a battery. We consider the case when energy harvesting sources are constantly charging the battery. The model assumes a probabilistic consumption and delivery of energy, giving the time-dependent distributions of the energy at the battery, of the time remaining until it becomes empty, the<br />
time required to charge the battery to its total capacity, or the time it is operational between two moments of complete depletion.<br />
When possible, we compare the diffusion approximation results with corresponding Markovian models.</p>