01423nas a2200121   4500000000100000000000100001008004100002100002000043700002000063245012200083856003700205520105900242                                       d1 aKatarzyna Filus1 aMateusz Żarski00aBeyond Accuracy: Uncovering the Role of Similarity Perception and its Alignment with Semantics in Supervised Learning  uhttps://arxiv.org/abs/2505.213383 a<p>Similarity manifests in various forms, including semantic similarity that is particularly important, serving as an approximation of human object categorization based on e.g. shared functionalities and evolutionary traits. It also offers practical advantages in computational modeling via lexical structures such as WordNet with constant and interpretable similarity. As in the domain of deep vision, there is still not enough focus on the phenomena regarding the similarity perception emergence. We introduce Deep Similarity Inspector (DSI) -- a systematic framework to inspect how deep vision networks develop their similarity perception and its alignment with semantic similarity. Our experiments show that both Convolutional Neural Networks' (CNNs) and Vision Transformers' (ViTs) develop a rich similarity perception during training with 3 phases (initial similarity surge, refinement, stabilization), with clear differences between CNNs and ViTs. Besides the gradual mistakes elimination, the mistakes refinement phenomenon can be observed.</p>